Pipe fracture by freezing in curved water pipes. 2nd Report. Freezing behavior of a 90.DEG. curved pipe.

Curved arrays for improved horizontal sizing in small pipe welds

In the past, most small diameter pipe welds were radiographed for defects. However, radiography has significant limitations: safety and licensing issues, disruption to work schedules, chemical wastes, and poor detection of planar defects. Manual ultrasonics was permitted by some codes, but suffers from lack of recorded data and dependence on the operator’s skills. Automated ultrasonic testing (...

Curved Arrays for Improved Inspection of Small Pipe Welds

This paper describes computer modeling and testing of phased arrays curved in the passive axis to improve focusing on small diameter pipe welds; in practice, a couple of curvatures satisfy most diameter and wall thickness applications. The modeling was followed by experimental testing using one of the curved arrays. Not surprisingly, the curved array showed significant improvements over a flat ...

In Situ Test Study on Freezing Scheme of Freeze-Sealing Pipe Roof Applied to the Gongbei Tunnel in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge

In order to solve the water sealing problem of soil between pipes of long distance curved pipe-jacked technology, Freeze-Sealing Pipe Roof (FSPR) as an innovative pre-supporting method in tunnel engineering is being applied to the Gongbei Tunnel in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge. The definition of FSPR is that large diameter steel pipes are laid out in a circle around the cross section of tu...

Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids Flows Through an Isothermally Heated Curved Pipe

Prediction of turbulent flow in curved pipes

A finite-difference procedure is employed to predict the development of turbulent flow in curved pipes. The turbulence model used involves the solution of two differential equations, one for the kinetic energy of the turbulence and the other for its dissipation rate. The predicted total-velocity contours for the developing flow in a 180’ bend are compared with the experimental data. Predictions...